1. You want to buy a house in your local area with three bedrooms and a garage. However, you only want to spend €150,000. Houses in your local area with three bedrooms and a garage never sell for less than €200,000. You will have to spend more to get the house you want. Which one of the following most closely matches the logical structure of the above argument?
2. Competition between restaurants is fierce and restaurateurs are trying to gain recognition for the quality of their food. Research from Oxford University might just give them that edge over their competitors. More than a hundred people participated in a series of experiments to see if the taste of food was affected by the cutlery used to eat it. The study found that desserts tasted better when eaten using small spoons. Similarly yoghurt tasted creamier when eaten with a black spoon. Cheese cut with a heavy knife tasted more expensive than cheese cut with a lighter knife. Which one of the following is a conclusion that can be drawn from the above passage?
3. Food manufacturers should reduce sugar levels in processed foods. This is because there are too many overweight and obese people. Since people are unable or unwilling to make sensible decisions for themselves, manufacturers must take responsibility for rectifying a problem to which they contribute. Which one of the following illustrates the principle used in the above argument?
4. Action has to be taken now to stop the spread of bovine tuberculosis (TB). Experts agree that reducing the number of badgers in the most heavily infected areas will help to break the cycle of infection between badgers and cattle and begin to reduce TB in both species. Although badgers can be vaccinated, there is no vaccine available to protect our cattle, and best estimates suggest it will be ten years before one is available. The only way to stop bovine TB spreading is to kill badgers. Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the above argument?
5. Sperm whales have the largest brains on the planet, although both humans and dolphins have larger brains relative to their body size. But why should relative brain size be important? If one thinks of a brain as a computer, there is no obvious reason why it must be sized in proportion to the body it lives in. Why for example should a whale need an especially large brain, when a hummingbird – which has complex tasks to perform – manages with a tiny one? Which one of the following is a conclusion that is supported by the above passage?
6. Recent research in the USA has found that areas with more dentists per person have much lower rates of obesity than neighbouring areas of similar population size. Clearly, public health authorities concerned with obesity rates should focus more resources on the provision of dental care. Dentists are a neglected asset in the struggle against the serious health problems associated with obesity. Which one of the following is the best statement of the flaw in the above argument?
7. It's better for your children's health to give them a video game to play than to let them watch television. Researchers at Queensland University examined the effects of video gaming and watching television on children between the ages of two and five. They found that the children burned more calories when they were gaming than when they were watching television; higher blood pressure was associated with watching television, but not with video gaming. The scientists believe that the difference comes from two distinct kinds of screen time: passive screen time, where you are simply viewing programmes or films, and active screen time, where you are engaging both your mind and your body. Which one of the following is the main conclusion of the above argument?
8. ‘Internet addiction’ is about to be classified as a recognised psychiatric disorder. Internet addiction is characterised by a number of signs: excessive use of the internet; anger or depression if access is lost; isolation from friends and family; and, most significantly, poor educational achievement. This should make us cautious about incorporating computer-based learning into all aspects of education. Educationalists should consider the long-term problems associated with extensive internet use as well as its immediate attractions. Which one of the following is an assumption of the above argument?
9. One of the populations with the highest life expectancy is Iceland. The people there are very healthy, as indicated by the low incidence of diabetes, obesity, heart disease and diet related cancers. Their diet is rich in good quality local fish, and meat and dairy products from grass fed animals. The fish and meat is all caught, produced and processed on a small scale. If we want to live long and healthy lives we should adopt the Icelanders’ diet. Which one of the following is the best statement of the flaw in the above argument?
10. A leaking undersea oil well in the USA caused massive damage to wildlife and was extremely expensive to clear up. Worst of all, it destroyed the livelihoods of poor people living in the area. Despite this, in the developed world we still don’t take seriously the risks of deepwater drilling. Until we can be satisfied that regulation is effective and that oil companies are operating safely, deepwater drilling should be banned. Which one of the following, if true, most weakens the above argument?
11. A train is travelling at 30 mph towards a terminus which is 120 miles away. At the same time, a pigeon starts flying from the terminus towards the train. When it meets the train, it turns and flies back towards the terminus and, when it arrives there, it turns and flies back towards the train again. The pigeon flies at an average speed of 40 mph. The pigeon continues to do this until the train reaches the terminus. Assuming that no time was lost in each turnaround, how far (to the nearest 10 miles) does the pigeon fly altogether?
12. Mr and Mrs Massa’s rectangular lawn measures 10 metres by 6 metres. They pay Giovanni to cut the grass and trim the edges. Giovanni charges a fixed rate per square metre of grass to be cut and another fixed rate per metre of edge to be trimmed. For Mr and Mrs Massa’s lawn, this results in a charge of €12 to cut the grass and €8 to trim the edges. Now, Mr and Mrs Costa next door want Giovanni to do the same for them. Their lawn is also rectangular and measures 15 metres by 9 metres. If he charges them at the same rate as the Massas, how much will Giovanni charge Mr and Mrs Costa, in total, for cutting their grass and trimming their edges?
13. David normally takes 45 minutes to walk at a steady speed in a straight line from his house, past his friend Barry’s house and then past a shop to reach his college. Today, however, he stopped at Barry’s house on the way and had to wait 3 minutes for him to be ready to leave. They stopped at the shop to buy their lunch, which took another 3 minutes. It normally takes David 20 minutes to walk from his home directly to the shop and Barry normally takes 32 minutes to walk directly from his home to the college and they both walk at the same steady speed. How long does it take them to walk from Barry’s house to the shop?
14. In a family, each of the six children has one packet of crisps on each weekday (Monday to Friday) for their packed lunch. The triplets have Cheese flavoured crisps, the twins have Paprika flavoured crisps, and the oldest child always has Chilli flavoured crisps. The exact number of packets of crisps needed are purchased at the same time for the four-week period. The table below shows the price of single packets of crisps and multipacks of crisps of the same flavour. A multipack is a discounted collection of a number of single packets of one flavour.
Non rispondere
15. The table below shows how to choose an appropriate glue for different materials you may want to bond together. For example, to bond cork and rubber you can use either rubber contact glue or epoxy glue.
Non rispondere
16. The bar chart below shows the number of endangered species between 2000 and 2002 per animal class.
Non rispondere
17. A 300g packet of Scottish oatcakes has the following information on the side of the packet:
18. A regular tetrahedron is made by fastening together four triangles made from card coloured on one side only, as shown in the diagram below.
Non rispondere
19. Alpha, Beta and Gamma are the three political parties in the Parliament. There are 360 seats in the Parliament. Before last week’s General Election, each party held 120 seats.
In last week’s election:
There was no change in 216 seats. Alpha gained 15 seats from Beta and 23 seats from Gamma. Beta gained 31 seats from Alpha and 41 seats from Gamma. Gamma gained 24 seats from Alpha and 10 seats fom Beta. Which pie chart, suitably labelled, shows the current state of the parties in the Parliament?
Non rispondere 20. A puzzle is made up of these three pieces. The pieces can be flipped and rotated, but they cannot overlap.
Non rispondere
21. The Almagest is the common title of a mathematical and astronomical treatise written by:
22. Which of these pairs of nation and national newspaper name is wrong?
1 di 4 23. Reverse transcriptase is mainly found in retroviruses such as HIV. Four nucleotides are needed for the reaction catalysed by this enzyme. A group of molecules may inhibit this enzyme. These molecules are structurally similar to the nucleotides but slightly altered so that bonds normally formed in the reaction cannot be made. Which of the following statements may be correct?
The four inhibitor molecules will resemble adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine. The inhibitor molecules can prevent the formation of phosphodiester bonds. The inhibitor molecules can result in a reduction in the number of new virus particles produced. Non rispondere 24. The enzyme HIV-1 protease is produced by the HIV virus. The enzyme is formed from two identical chains of 99 amino acids. In each chain, amino acids 25, 26 and 27 in the sequence form part of the active site. Which levels of structure control the shape of the active site of the HIV protease?
25. A section of unmutated double-stranded DNA contains 100 nucleotides and 38% of these nucleotides contain thymine. Which one of the following correctly identifies the number of hydrogen (H) bonds and phosphodiester bonds present in this section of DNA?
26. Which of the following statements about a neurone in a healthy human is/are correct?
Transport across its cell membrane can occur by exocytosis. It contains the gene that codes for insulin. It contains circular DNA. Non rispondere 27. Squamous epithelium, ciliated epithelium and cartilage are tissues found in healthy humans. Which one of the following structures is made up of at least TWO of these tissues?
28. Which of the following contain peptide bonds?
Ribosomes in human liver cells Antibodies in human plasma Cilia on human bronchial cells Cholesterol in the membrane of human kidney cells Non rispondere 29. An organism, in bright sunlight, has the following features:
Consists of some cells with organelles which contain grana. All cells contain molecules of ATP, ADP and NAD. Some cells release carbon dioxide by diffusion all the time. Which one of the following statements about the organism is correct?
Non rispondere 30. Which of the following can be a result of exercise in a healthy human?
A decrease in muscle pH An increase in blood pH More blood flows to certain organs Non rispondere 31. Which of the following could explain why the phenotype of a healthy female child may show differences from her healthy biological brother (apart from the gender)?
Independent assortment after the formation of the female zygote Crossing over between a chromosome from the sperm and a chromosome from the egg Random alignment of homologous chromosomes at the equator of the cell during metaphase I Non rispondere 32. The genes P, Q, R and S occur on the same chromosome. The COV (crossover values) for the pairs of genes are:
P and Q 35% Non rispondere
33. A eukaryotic cell undergoes division. At one point it has pairs of chromosomes being separated by spindle fibres and moving towards the poles of the cell. What stage of division is this?
34. A condition caused by the dominant allele of a gene on the X chromosome is passed down through a family. Individual Z inherits the condition. For this family, which of the following statements must be correct, assuming no spontaneous mutations have occurred?
If Z is a boy, then he must have inherited the dominant allele from his father. If Z is a boy, then one of his mother’s parents must have also had the condition. If Z is a girl, then both of her parents must have had the allele. If Z is a boy, and has children, then all of his daughters will have the condition. Non rispondere 35. Part of a polypeptide sequence consists of four amino acids -1-2-3-4-.
The tRNA anticodons for each amino acid are:Non rispondere
36. Mutations in the CFTR gene cause cystic fibrosis (CF). The non-mutated allele of the gene can be obtained and then introduced into the lung cells of a person with CF using liposomes as a vector. This treatment gives only short-term relief from the symptoms of CF. Which of the following statements would be a correct explanation of this treatment?
Genes are unstable and break down over time in the cell. Lung cells are constantly being replaced and new cells will have the faulty allele. The non-mutated allele is recessive. Non rispondere 37. A Petri dish contains populations of two different species of bacteria (V and W). Both are growing and reproducing at the same rate, using the same resources. The conditions are then changed and the rate of growth and reproduction of the population of species V increases. Which of the following, acting independently, could cause this increase in growth and reproduction rate?
A decrease in temperature A change in pH The addition of an antibiotic Non rispondere 38. Which one of the following statements is correct when the pressure in the ventricles of a healthy human heart is at its highest?
39. Which of the following structures make a solution that can raise the pH in the digestive system of a healthy human?
40. B lymphocytes are involved in the human immune response to a bacterial infection. Which of the following processes would TYPICALLY be carried out by these lymphocytes in response to the infection?
Cell division by mitosis Transcription producing mRNA Engulfing and digesting bacteria Non rispondere 2 di 4 41. What is the molecular formula of the compound shown below?
42. Five atoms are shown below. The letters are NOT chemical symbols. Which one of the following atoms has the highest first ionisation energy?
43. Which of the following species have the same number and arrangement of electrons in their lowest energy states?
44. Which of the following statements, if any, are correct for the properties of Group I elements?
They form hydrides where the hydrogen has an oxidation state of –1. They can reduce iodine to iodide. Their outer electrons are delocalised when in the liquid state. Non rispondere 45. Compounds of chlorine include:
Cl₂O KCl KClO KClO₃ KClO₄ Cl₂O₇ Which one of the following options correctly lists the oxidation states of chlorine that are shown in these compounds?
Non rispondere 46. Which row correctly shows the shape of each molecule and whether the molecule is polar (i.e. has a permanent dipole moment) or non-polar?
[Atomic numbers: H = 1; B = 5; C = 6; N = 7; O = 8; F = 9; P = 15; Cl = 17]Non rispondere
47. Which one of the following substances has the highest solubility in the specified liquid at a temperature of 298 K and 1 atm pressure?
48. When nitrogen and hydrogen are mixed under suitable conditions of temperature and pressure, and in the presence of a catalyst, an equilibrium state is attained:
N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) ⇌ 2NH₃(g)
The molecules have a higher collision frequency. The yield of ammonia (NH3(g)) decreases. A greater proportion of molecules in the mixture have energy greater than the activation energy. Non rispondere 49. Consider this ionic equation in aqueous solution:
CH₃O⁻ + H₂O → CH₃OH + OH⁻Non rispondere
50. What is the correct IUPAC name of this compound?
51. A sealed container contains 1.00 mol of hydrogen gas, which behaves as an ideal gas. Which of the following changes increase(s) the total kinetic energy of the hydrogen gas molecules initially within the container?
Changing the amount of hydrogen from 1.0 mol to 1.2 mol whilst keeping the pressure and volume constant. Changing the pressure from 1.0 atm to 1.2 atm whilst keeping the volume and number of moles constant. Changing the volume from 1.0 L to 1.2 L whilst keeping the pressure and number of moles constant. Non rispondere 52. Consider a fixed volume and amount of an ideal gas at 10°C. What temperature would it have to be changed to in order for the pressure to be doubled?
3 di 4 53. Evaluate (3 × 10³)³ × (2 × 10⁻⁵)
54. Which one of the following is an equation of the line that passes through (4, 3) and is perpendicular to the line y = 2x + 4?
55. A pentagon has one line of symmetry. All five sides are 6 cm, and the interior angles, in anticlockwise order, are 60°, 150°, 90°, 90° and 150°. What is the area of this pentagon?
56. The equation below has two roots. What is the sum of the two roots?
57. Three spherical particles have the following diameters: 1650 pm, 1.5 nm and 0.0036 µm. What is their order of diameter (smallest first)?
0.0036 µm, 1650 pm, 1.5 nm
1.5 nm, 0.0036 µm, 1650 pm
1650 pm, 1.5 nm, 0.0036 µm
1.5 nm, 1650 pm, 0.0036 µm
0.0036 µm, 1.5 nm, 1650 pm
None 58. An electric train is travelling on a straight, horizontal track. A constant resultant force (greater than zero) acts on the train in the direction of the train’s motion. What happens to the magnitude of the acceleration and to the magnitude of the velocity of the train while this force is acting?
59. The Earth’s atmosphere contains oxygen and nitrogen. The mass of an oxygen molecule is greater than the mass of a nitrogen molecule. The temperature of air in a room on a particular day is 300 K. Below are four statements about the motion of the two types of molecule in this room.
They have an equal mean square velocity (v̅²̅). A nitrogen molecule has a greater mean square velocity (v̅²̅) than an oxygen molecule. A nitrogen molecule has a greater mean kinetic energy than an oxygen molecule. An oxygen molecule has a greater mean kinetic energy than a nitrogen molecule. Which of the statements is/are correct?
Non rispondere 60. A wire made of a metal of uniform resistivity 1.0 × 10⁻⁶ Ω m is 2.0 m long and has a diameter of 2.0 × 10⁻³ m. What is the electrical resistance of this length of the wire?
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